How many ppm (Parts Per Million) of fluoride are typically present in water supply in a temperate climate?

In temperate climates, the concentration of fluoride in water supply is generally maintained around 1 ppm (parts per million). This level is commonly used to prevent dental caries while minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis, which can occur with excessive fluoride exposure. The goal in community water fluoridation programs is to optimize fluoride exposure for public health benefits, and 1 ppm has been established as a safe and effective concentration for promoting dental health.

Higher levels, such as 2 ppm or 8 ppm, could increase the risk of adverse effects, particularly in children whose teeth are still developing. Typically, water supplies are regulated to ensure fluoride levels remain around 1 ppm to strike a balance between efficacy in cavity prevention and safety against overexposure. Thus, 1 ppm is recognized as the standard level in temperate regions.