What common complication can occur following head and neck radiation?

Xerostomia, or dry mouth, is a common complication that can occur following head and neck radiation. This condition arises due to damage to the salivary glands from radiation exposure, which decreases saliva production. Saliva plays a crucial role in oral health by aiding in the digestion process, protecting the mucosal tissues, and maintaining the natural balance of bacteria in the mouth. A decrease in saliva can lead to various issues such as difficulty in swallowing, increased risk of dental caries, oral infections, and a general decline in quality of life. Thus, xerostomia is a significant concern in patients who have undergone radiation therapy in this region, highlighting the importance of monitoring and managing oral health in these individuals.

The other choices do not accurately reflect common complications associated with head and neck radiation. Increased taste sensation is unlikely, as radiation often affects taste buds and can lead to alterations in taste rather than improvements. Painful ulcers may occur but are not as prevalent as dry mouth. Improved oral hygiene is also not a typical outcome, as the challenges presented by xerostomia can complicate oral care efforts.