What is the mechanism of action of trichloroacetic acid when used for dental cautery?

Trichloroacetic acid acts through the mechanism of protein precipitation, which is a crucial aspect of its use in dental cautery. When trichloroacetic acid comes into contact with tissue, it denatures proteins and leads to their coagulation. This precipitation of proteins forms a protective barrier over the cauterized area, effectively sealing blood vessels and minimizing bleeding while also promoting a controlled healing process.

In dental procedures, such as the management of soft tissue within the oral cavity, this property is particularly beneficial because it helps to achieve hemostasis and can reduce the risk of complications following surgical interventions. The coagulation of proteins by trichloroacetic acid limits the potential for inflammation and aids in tissue repair, making it an effective agent for dental cauterization.

Other mechanisms, such as thermodynamic actions or osmotic pressure, are not applicable in this context because they involve different physical processes that do not involve the direct alteration of protein structures. Also, while the activation of tissue enzymes may play a role in various biological processes, it is not the primary action of trichloroacetic acid in dental cautery.