What is the primary risk of extending material beyond the apex in root canal therapy?

Extending material beyond the apex in root canal therapy primarily poses the risk of causing infection of the surrounding tissue. When material, typically filling or sealant, is placed beyond the root tip, it can lead to an inflammatory response in the periapical tissue. This occurs because the material can irritate the surrounding area and potentially create a reservoir for bacteria, which can subsequently lead to infection.

Infection in the periapical tissue can result in various complications, including the formation of periapical abscesses and increased discomfort for the patient. Properly sealing the root canal system is essential to prevent reinfection and maintain the health of surrounding tissues, making it critical to avoid extending material past the apex.

In contrast, while increased tooth sensitivity, pain during chewing, and decay of the reinforced tooth structure can sometimes occur in dental procedures, these issues are not the immediate or primary consequence of extruding material beyond the apex. The most significant long-term concern focuses on the risk of infecting the delicate tissues surrounding the roots, thereby complicating healing and recovery.