What is TRUE about the Lingual Nerve?

The lingual nerve is primarily responsible for sensory innervation, particularly providing sensation to the anterior two-thirds of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. In relation to the inferior alveolar nerve, the lingual nerve is indeed located anterior and medial to it, which is an important anatomical detail in dental procedures. This positioning is significant for clinicians when considering the safety and efficacy of local anesthetic techniques, as injections into the area near the inferior alveolar nerve require an understanding of the surrounding anatomical structures, including the lingual nerve.

The other statements do not accurately describe the lingual nerve's relationship or functions. The nerve is not posterior and lateral to the inferior alveolar nerve, nor does it only provide motor function, as its main role is sensory. Additionally, it does not innervate the maxillary teeth—that function is primarily handled by the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve. Understanding these aspects helps clarify the physiological and anatomical significance of the lingual nerve in dental practice.