Which organisms are indicative of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis?

Acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis, often characterized by necrosis and ulceration of the gingival tissue, is primarily associated with specific bacterial organisms that contribute to its pathogenesis. The presence of spirochaetes, particularly Treponema species, and fusobacterium species plays a crucial role in the disease process.

Spirochaetes are known for their unique spiral shape and motility, which allow them to invade and thrive in gingival tissues, especially where there is necrosis and inflammation. Fusobacterium, on the other hand, is a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity and is involved in periodontal diseases. This combination of spirochaetes and fusobacterium creates an environment conducive to the characteristic symptoms of acute necrotic ulcerative gingivitis, such as pain, bleeding, and necrosis.

While Eikenella corrodens and other organisms may be associated with different oral conditions, they are not the primary bacteria indicative of this specific type of gingivitis. Similarly, the presence of polymorphs and lymphocytes refers more to the body's immune response rather than the specific bacterial causes. Lastly, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia are typically associated